الْحَقُّ Al-Haqq
Meaning of he word al-haqq (the truth) in the Arabic language:
Al-haqq is to be identical to and in conformity with the truth. Secondly, it is to be well established as a fact. Thirdly, it is to be according to wisdom and justice.
Meaning of Allah’s name “Al-Haqq”:
Al-Haqq means the truth without any doubt; No doubt in His essence, no doubt in His names and attributes and no doubt in Him being the one and true deity worthy of worship. Allah is The Only One that is rightfully worshipped and no one deserves to be worshipped except Him. Allah is The Haqq: His actions are haqq, His sayings are haqq and His religion and legislation are haqq. His Promise is haqq and His threatening is haqq. (1)
قالى تعالى: {فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ } المؤمنون 116
So Exalted be Allah, The True King, none has the right to be worshipped but He, The Lord of the Supreme Throne!
Surah Al-Mu’minun [23:116]
Why is Allah The Truth? Because The One Who created everything and Who brings benefit and causes harm, is The One who is deserving of true worship. He is The One to Whom we ask for all our needs. If we were to ask one who is unable to benefit himself or others, this would clearly be utter falsehood.
Allah’s speech is the truth. His actions are the truth (meaning that they agree with reality). His Books are the truth. His Messengers are the truth. Worshipping Him alone is the truth. His legislated rulings are the truth. All of these things are the truth because they are perfect and have emanated from Al-Haqq: The True One. Everything concerning Allah is the truth and because He is The Truth, anything that is worshipped besides Allah, or any religion that does not come from Him and His Messenger, is false and invalid. This is from the beauty of Islam: Either something will be true or it will be false; either permissible or impermissible. This leaves no room for doubt or confusion.
Allah The Most High says in the Quran,
قالى تعالى: { فذلكم الله ربكم الحق فماذا بعد الحق الا الضلال فأنى تصرفون } يونس 32
Such is Allah, your Lord in truth . So after the truth, what else can there be, save error? How then are you turned away
Surah Yunus [10:32]
قالى تعالى: {أم خلقوا من غير شئ أم هم الخالقون} الطور 35
Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators?
Surah At-Tur [52:35]
Allah Alone created you. Then why – after He Alone created you – you worship other than Him? Worshipping other than The Creator is clear falsehood.
From the names of Allah is Al-Haqq – The Truth – due to the fact that He originates and creates everything in accordance with His great wisdom. For example, Paradise is true and Hellfire is true. So what is the wisdom behind Allah’s creation of Paradise and Hellfire? The wisdom behind this is simply that the obedient ones will be rewarded and the disbelievers will be punished. Is the purpose of the creation then, merely frivolous play? No! Rather, there is perfect wisdom behind it and that wisdom is to worship Allah alone.
قالى تعالى: {تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْحَيَاةَ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًا} الملك 1-2
Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion, and He is Able to do all things. Who has created death and life, that He may test you which of you is best in deed.
Surah Al-Mulk [67:1-2]
Should the life of this world then be seen as complete falsehood? No, because truth and falsehood are both present in it. The truth of the worldly life is that which is in accordance to the purpose of life itself (i.e. worshipping Allah alone, without partners). This is how we should utilize our time in this world: Worshiping Allah alone, and making our stay on this earth a cause for us to enter Paradise. As for falsehood, if we allow ourselves to be subjugated by it, and allow it to use us, then, due to this, we will enter the Hellfire.
Allah named Himself Al-Haqq, The Truth, this means that every last bit of truth present in any statement or action – as well as the very power of that statement or action, its might and credibility – all originate from Allah, the Most High.
Allah has taken it upon Himself to aid the person of truth. The truth, which is the religion of Allah, in itself will be victorious; Anyone who clings to this religion then will ultimately be victorious too.
قالى تعالى: {ويريد الله أن يحق الحق بكلماته ويقطع دابر الكافرين ، ليحق الحق ويبطل الباطل ولو كره المجرمون}
And (remember) when Allah promised you (Muslims) one of the two parties (of the enemy i.e. either the army or the caravan) that it should be yours, you wished that the one not armed (the caravan) should be yours, but Allah willed to justify the truth by His Words and to cut off the roots of the disbelievers (i.e. in the battle of Badr).
That He might cause the truth to triumph and bring falsehood to nothing, even though the Mujrimun (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, criminals, etc.) hate it.
Surah Al-Anfal [8:7-8]
That is why Allah’s strength and honor are extended to the one who has the truth with him, and also to the the one who aids the truth and makes clear the path of truth that he is upon. The stronger the truth that you carry, the greater your power and ability to aid the truth will be. The greater your understanding and implementation of the truth, the stronger and more comprehensive your defense of the truth will become.
We can observe this reality when we look at the Prophets, peace be upon them: From the material and physical point of view, they were weak and poor. For example, when Musa (Moses, peace be upon him) first left Egypt, he was fearful as he tried to save himself. He then reached Madyan (Midian) and sat underneath a tree in desperate need of Allah, saying,
قالى تعالى: {رَبِّ إِنِّى لِمَآ أَنزَلۡتَ إِلَىَّ مِنۡ خَيۡرٍ۬ فَقِيرٌ۬}
My Lord! truly, I am in need of whatever good that You bestow on me!
Surah Al-Qasas [28:24]
He was weak and in need, but when the Message (Torah) came to him he stood in front of Firaun (Pharaoh) and said to him,
قالى تعالى: {رَبُّكُمۡ وَرَبُّ ءَابَآٮِٕكُمُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ}
Your Lord and the Lord of your ancient fathers!
Surah Ash-Shu’ara [26:26]
In whose favour was the outcome then? Ultimately, it was in favour of Musa, peace be upon him. Allah drowned Firaun in front of him and Musa inherited the earth as the prophet of Allah. This was because of the truth that was with him and the truth that he had come with.
Our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was an orphan. He was harmed and starved, he felt pain and experienced illness; Yet, he conquered lands and was victorious over Heraclius (the Byzantine emperor) and Chosroes (the Persian king). He accomplished this thanks to the truth which he carried with him, not because of his own abilities.
From the sole perspective of their physical and material condition, the Prophets, peace be upon them, were normal, weak humans; However, thanks to what they had within them in terms of the truth, they reached a level such that material things were unable to stop them! This is because the material aspect of strength often relies upon falsehood: Weaponry, manpower, techniques, strategies, plotting, and the raising of false idols. For this reason, material strength depends on falsehood upon falsehood – as Allah called it – which is ultimately bound to vanish. On the other hand, what the Prophets had on their side was the truth which Allah guarantees victory to, as He does to the people of this truth. (1)
قالى تعالى: {بل نقذف بالحق على الباطل فيدمغه فإذا هو زاهق}
Nay, We send down the truth (this Quran) against the falsehood of disbelief, so it destroys it, and behold, it is vanished.
Surah Al-Anbiya [21:18]
Is this victory specific to the Prophets only? No. Indeed, it is for everyone who follows the way of the Prophets, which is the path of the truth.
It is obligatory upon us to know that, when we adhere to the truth and are firm upon it, then Allah will equip us with things we can not even imagine; He will give us a level of power, honor and the ability to have an effect on others that we would have otherwise been unable to achieve. Conversely, if we are negligent of the truth, we will lose this power. If we are lax when it comes to responding to what Allah has commanded us with, then we will lose our strength, power, firmness and understanding, in the same measure in which we have left the truth.
Falsehood will never be able to stand in the face of the truth! That is why any enemy of Islam is not afraid of anyone except those who hold on to the true authentic religion: The way of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions (the Salaf as-Saalih). For this reason we find that the enemies of Islam leave every caller of falsehood from those ascribing to Islam from the deviated sects (such as Sufis, Ikhwaani, Tableeghi and so forth), to do as they wish. On the other hand, if there is a person who follows the Sunnah of the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, then they fear him, harass him and put pressure on him. This is because they fear of the truth that he carries. A person of truth brings awe to the hearts of the enemies of the religion. We should never belittle the truth that we carry; It is an absolute truth and it is aided by Allah.
There are several concepts that the person of truth must understand and positions he must adopt.
- The first is that he must know with conviction that no matter how strong or great the truth that he carries is, he must be very cautious not to fall into the belief that his power and strength come from his own understanding and knowledge, or they are due to the fact he has many followers. These are not the sources of his good qualities, power or strength. Rather, he should be fully aware that he derives his strength solely from the truth that he brings, knowing with certainty that all power and strength are only from Allah.
2. The second stance the person of truth must take is that he must abide by the islamic legislation at all times: Wishing to spread the truth does not authorize him to transgress the limits, or to be unjust or oppressive upon others. This includes even those who are at war with the true religion and have strong hatred for it. It is imperative for the person of truth not go beyond the boundaries set in the Islamic legislation concerning them. When we deal with the disbelievers, we cannot use the fact that we are upon the truth and they are upon falsehood as a reason to neglect the requirements of justice and fairness that Islam dictates for our interaction with them.
قالى تعالى: {وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ}
And fight in the Way of Allah those who fight you, but transgress not the limits. Truly, Allah likes not the transgressors.
Surah Al-Baqarah [2:190]
Another danger that the person of truth must be warned against is attempting to use falsehood in order to promote the true religion and calling people to it. The truth can be aided only with that which is right and correct. Be warned against trying to make the people love the religion of Allah through the use of falsehood. Indeed, many of the people have fallen into this affair: They approve the use of falsehood to make the people love the religion; They praise falsehood to please the disbelievers, letting them hear only what they like to hear, in an attempt to bring them to love the religion. We must never try to aid the religion through the use of falsehood.
قالى تعالى: {وَدُّوا لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ}
They wish that you should compromise (in religion out of courtesy) with them so they (too) would compromise with you.
Surah Al-Qalam [68:9]
It is obligatory that we aid the truth in accordance through that which Allah has legislated; not through what we feel is best according to our desires or our intellect, but by the truth and the truth alone.
3) The third stance of the person of truth is that he must be warned against calling to himself. Instead, his call should be only to the truth. He should not get angry or frustrated if people do not accept his speech, nor should he call them with arrogance, believing that it is his speech alone which is affecting them. Rather, he should put his ego aside and spread the truth solely because of his love for Allah, seeking the pleasure of Allah, wanting to protect the religion of Allah. Then, and only then, will Allah aid him. (2)
The Word “truth” in the Quran
The word “truth” occurs in the Book of Allah with different meanings. We need to understand these meanings to be able to ponder and reflect over the Quran, so that the meaning of the truth can become firmly grounded in our hearts.
For example, in Surah al-Anfaal, Allah describes the believers with the following attributes:
قالى تعالى: {إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ، الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ، أُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا لَّهُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ} الأنفال 2-4
The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts and when His Verses (this Quran) are recited unto them, they increase their Faith; And they put their trust in their Lord Alone; Who perform prayer and spend out of that We have provided them.
It is they who are the believers in truth. For them are grades of dignity with their Lord, and Forgiveness and a generous provision (Paradise).
Surah Al- Anfal [8:2-4]
Why did Allah describe the true believers with these traits?
He did so because their worship is based upon to the truth: They worship Him only according to that which He revealed. When a believer performs an act of disobedience, his heart trembles with fear because his heart conforms with the belief in a Lord that is The All-Watcher and The Witness over all things. This belief results in him fearing His Lord.
Likewise, when he hears the ayaat (verses, lessons, signs) of Allah he feels a sense of love for Allah and hopes for Paradise, and he fears Hellfire. Where is the truth in this scenario? Interacting with the Quran – by reciting it, pondering over it or memorizing it – will increase one’s faith and belief; This, in turn, affects the heart, making it reflect what he reads.
And they put their trust in their Lord alone (إِيمَانًا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ)
This is the truth because they place their hope in Allah: The Only One Who can benefit and cause harm. This is the simple truth, and this is why they are the ones whose knowledge, creed, speech, fear, spending, and prayer are all in synchrony with and in accordance to their faith (Iman).
What is the case then of the one who claims to love Allah but has no fear of Him and does not establish the prayer? Is this person truly a believer? No, rather his claim to faith is false. Indeed, what is shown in this chapter is that the true believer is the one whose actions, statements, hope, fear and trust in Allah are identical to that which is in his heart from faith (Iman).
In the same Surah, Surah al-Anfaal:
قالى تعالى: {كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِن بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ ،يُجَادِلُونَكَ فِي الْحَقِّ بَعْدَمَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى الْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ}
As your Lord caused you (Muhammad) to go out from your home with the truth, and verily, a party among the believers disliked it; Disputing with you concerning the truth after it was made manifest, as if they were being driven to death
Surah Al- Anfal [8:5-6]
They were arguing about an affair which Allah had commanded them with. Why were they arguing about it? The order to perform military jihad was clear and the truth was clear. The Almighty commanded it, so jihad is the truth; That which Allah commands is the truth. So what can there be an argument about? Following the truth means to simply answer by fulfilling the clear command of Allah.
قالى تعالى: {وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللّهُ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتِيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ اللّهُ أَن يُحِقَّ الحَقَّ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكَافِرِينَ، لِيُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ وَيُبْطِلَ الْبَاطِلَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُجْرِمُونَ، إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلْفٍ مِّنَ الْمَلآئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ، وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللّهُ إِلاَّ بُشْرَى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلاَّ مِنْ عِندِ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ}
And (remember) when Allah promised you (Muslims) one of the two parties (of the enemy i.e. either the army or the caravan) that it should be yours, you wished that the one not armed (the caravan) should be yours, but Allah willed to justify the truth by His Words and to cut off the roots of the disbelievers (i.e. in the battle of Badr).
That He might cause the truth to triumph and bring falsehood to nothing, even though the Mujrimun (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, criminals, etc.) hate it.
(Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): “I will help you with a thousand of the Angels each behind the other (following one another) in succession.”
Allah made it only as glad tidings, and that your hearts be at rest therewith. And there is no victory except from Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
Surah Al- Anfal [8:7-10]
This verse is about the Battle of Badr, when Allah gave victory to the truth. He confirmed and gave clear evidence that Islam is the truth, while affirming that the disbelievers are upon falsehood. He made the truth triumphant with His words, meaning by His commands and through His legislation. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, enforces the truth: He decreed that three hundred would overcome one thousand, and so it was. The Muslims in the battle of Badr were only three hundred, with far less weapons than the enemy. How did they defeat one thousand well armed opponents? Because on their side was “al-ilah”, The One Who Alone deserves to be worshipped, “Al-Haqq”, The-Truth.
Allah sent the Angels to wage war alongside them against the polytheists. He made the truth triumph, even though the disbelievers hated it.
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم: ” ثلاث من كن فيه وجد حلاوة الإيمان : أن يكون الله ورسوله أحب إليه مما سواهما وأن يحب المرء لا يحبهإلا لله وأن يكره أن يعود في الكفر كما يكره أن يقذف في النار”
Narrated Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
“Whoever possesses the following three qualities will taste the sweetness of faith:
- The one to whom Allah and His Prophet become dearer than anything else.
- The one who loves a person and he loves him only for Allah’s sake.
- The one who hates to revert to disbelief after Allah has brought him out from it in the same way as he would hate to be thrown in the fire.” (3)
That which is derived from loving Allah and His Messenger is that it is from the fruits of tawheed (Islamic monotheism), sincerity, reliance and invoking Allah alone. Indeed, the people are of three levels with regards to this:
- The one who knows by hearing and extrapolating from what he has heard.
- The one who witnesses and sees something with his very own eyes.
- The one who finds out the reality of sincerity, true reliance upon Allah, seeking refuge in Him and seeking His aid and assistance, while cutting off all attachment to other than Allah. He has tested himself, seeing that, if he attaches himself to the creation, putting his hopes in them and wanting what they have, believing they can bring about benefit and ward off harm, then he will be betrayed by them and that which he desires will not take place. He can expend his effort, wealth and other than that in serving them, hoping that they will benefit him in his time of need; However, they will never benefit him, either due to their inability to do so or because their hearts will be turned away from it. If he was to turn to Allah with truthfulness, humbly in need of Him, seeking His aid and relief, worshipping Him alone, Allah would respond to his invocation, remove his distress, and open the doors of mercy. Therefore, the likes of this man have indeed tasted the reality of true reliance and invocation of Allah alone that others have not tasted.
Likewise, we find that whoever tastes sincerity for Allah Alone and desiring nothing except His face, he will find different conditions, results, and benefits that will not be found by anybody who doesn’t have sincerity and purity of intention. Rather, whoever follows his desires with the aim of seeking leadership and highness, having an attachment to beautiful artwork or gathering wealth, then, while trying to accomplish that, he will encounter grief, sorrow, sadness, pain and a tightness in the chest which cannot be expressed. Perhaps his heart will never agree with leaving his desires and that which pleases him will not occur. Instead, he will always be in a state of fear and sadness.
There is nothing more beneficial to the heart than tawheed and purity of intention. The religion belongs to Allah and there is nothing more harmful than associating partners with Him. If one finds true sincerity, which is {You Alone we worship} with true reliance {You alone we ask for help}, it is above that which is found in everybody who has not found the likes of this and Allah knows best.
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said that whoever is pleased with Allah as his Lord must be delighted to submit to Him, taste the comfort of submitting to the command of Allah and enjoy the pleasure and joy that reading the Quran brings. He must be pleased with Allah’s kindness upon him, because Allah gives him countless opportunities to return back to Him and prostrate to Him. He must feel the strong love which controls his heart because he comprehends that Allah is The One Who pardons, The One Who forgives, The One Who covers his faults, Who loves him and draws him near.
He has experienced all of this and, as a consequence, his love has become absolute truth with certainty. This is because he has now experienced it – he hasn’t merely heard about it or seen someone with that degree of love of Allah in his heart; Rather, he has actually “tasted” the love of Allah in his heart.
Some of the Scholars have said that if the residents of Paradise are in this condition, then they must enjoy an outstanding standard of living, as this is from the taste of Paradise. They also said that their hearts will be overcome with intense joy. In addition, others have said that the people who are busy in worship at night are enjoying more pleasure in the night than the enjoyment of the people who spend the night in pursuit of amusement and entertainment.
When this has become a reality for a person, happiness and cheerfulness mix with his heart. This is why when Heraclius, king of the Romans, asked Abu Sufyan, “Do the people who enter his religion abandon it?” He said to him, “No.” This was due to the state of the heart of those people. Once the heart has experience this state it can never do without it again. If the love and submission to Allah enters the heart, then one feels as if he is from the true servants of Ar-Rahman (The Most Merciful). The pleasure that the heart feels also mixes with it, so that a person will not get angry at the decree of Allah or at Islam, depending upon the amount of belief within his heart.
This is in conformity with Allah the Most High’s statement,
قالى تعالى: {قُلۡ بِفَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَبِرَحۡمَتِهِۦ فَبِذَٲلِكَ فَلۡيَفۡرَحُواْ هُوَ خَيۡرٌ۬ مِّمَّا يَجۡمَعُونَ}
Say: “In the Bounty of Allah and His Mercy- therein let them rejoice” That is better than what (the wealth) they amass}
Surah Yunus [10:58]
We are pleased with the Iman – the true and correct belief- that mixes with our hearts when we read the Quran, when we are obedient to Allaah, when we gain knowledge of Allah, when we affirm that all that occurs is by the virtue of Allah. Are we truly pleased with this? If we are pleased by this, then this is absolute truth with certainty.
Allah the Most High says,
قالى تعالى: {وَإِذَا مَآ أُنزِلَتۡ سُورَةٌ۬ فَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّڪُمۡ زَادَتۡهُ هَـٰذِهِۦۤ إِيمَـٰنً۬اۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فَزَادَتۡهُمۡ إِيمَـٰنً۬ا وَهُمۡ يَسۡتَبۡشِرُونَ}
And whenever there comes down a Surah, some of them (hypocrites) say “Which one of you has had his faith increased by it?” As for those who believe, it has increased their faith and they rejoice
Surah At-Tawbah [9:124]
The believer takes pleasure and joy in spending time on that which Allah has revealed to the creation. Reading Quran, learning about its meaning and pondering over its verses brings a sense of sweetness to the heart. There is no love greater and more complete than the love of the believers for their Lord, the love of Allah is the greatest in the life of this world.
Once the love of Allah has entered the heart, there will never be any kind of lover greater than it in the heart of the believing slave.
The Quran is absolute truth with certainty. Allah says in the Quran,
قالى تعالى: {وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوٓاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ}
And put your trust in Allah if you are believers indeed
Surah Al-Maidah [5:23]
If one puts his trust in other than Allah, then he has placed his hopes in a person. Even if he is a relative, he will eventually desert him, and he will feel the desertion because the taste of desertion in time of need is a very sour and unpleasant feeling in the heart; A taste that becomes painful. That is because everyone who relies upon other than Allah will be forsaken.
Success lies in comprehending that there is none who likes people to seek refuge in him except for Allah, and that undoubtedly none other than Allah will have mercy upon you. Nobody else will ever benefit you, unless Allah has ordained that he should be a means of benefit for you. If you put your trust in Allah alone, you will experience, as a response, the removal of distress, while certainty will fill your heart.
Whoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will be sufficient for him, and he will experience that Allah truly is sufficient for him. The sweetness and comfort of his complete reliance upon Allah will become for him absolute truth with certainty.
Above is a transcription of a class given by teacher Zaynab El-Kateb, based on the book Fiqh Al-Asmaa Al-Husnaa by Shaikh Abdur-Razzaaq Al-Badr.
1 & 2 Meaning of words taken from an article in Sahab network by Abu Umar Al-Kanani.
3.- Sahih Al-Bukhari, 16, book 2.
